SFTP

Pordavid

SFTP (Protocolo de transferencia segura de archivos) es una forma segura de transferir archivos entre dos sistemas remotos. A diferencia del FTP (Protocolo de transferencia de archivos), que no cifra los datos, el SFTP utiliza SSH (Secure Shell) para autenticarse y establecer una conexión segura. Aquí tienes cómo usar SFTP en un servidor Ubuntu:

  1. Conexión SSH:
    • Antes de usar SFTP, asegúrate de poder conectarte al servidor mediante SSH. Si ya puedes acceder al equipo usando SSH, habrás completado los requisitos necesarios para usar SFTP.
    • Prueba el acceso SSH con el siguiente comando:ssh usuario@tu_dirección_ip_o_nombre_de_host_remoto
    • Si funciona, sal del SSH escribiendo:exit
  2. Iniciar una sesión SFTP:
    • Ejecuta el siguiente comando para establecer una sesión SFTP:sftp usuario@tu_dirección_ip_o_nombre_de_host_remoto
    • Si estás trabajando en un puerto SSH personalizado (no el puerto 22 predeterminado), usa:sftp -oPort=puerto_personalizado usuario@tu_dirección_ip_o_nombre_de_host_remoto
  3. Comandos útiles en SFTP:
    • El comando más útil es help o ?, que muestra una lista de los comandos disponibles.
    • Algunos comandos básicos son:
      • cd ruta: Cambia el directorio remoto.
      • ls: Lista los archivos y directorios en el directorio remoto.
      • get archivo: Descarga un archivo del servidor remoto.
      • put archivo: Sube un archivo al servidor remoto.
      • quit o exit: Cierra la sesión SFTP.

SFTP (Protocolo de transferencia segura de archivos) es una forma segura de transferir archivos entre dos sistemas remotos. A diferencia del FTP (Protocolo de transferencia de archivos), que no cifra los datos, el SFTP utiliza SSH (Secure Shell) para autenticarse y establecer una conexión segura. Aquí tienes cómo usar SFTP en un servidor Ubuntu:

Todos los comandos examinados hasta ahora tienen equivalentes locales. Podemos imprimir el directorio local de trabajo:

  • lcd ruta: Cambia el directorio local.
  • lls: Lista los archivos y directorios en el directorio local.

SCP

SCP (Protocolo de Copia Segura) es un protocolo utilizado para transferir archivos de manera segura entre sistemas remotos. A diferencia de FTP (Protocolo de Transferencia de Archivos), que no cifra los datos, SCP utiliza SSH (Secure Shell) para autenticarse y establecer una conexión segura. Aquí tienes más detalles sobre SCP:

  1. ¿Qué es SCP?
    • SCP es un protocolo que garantiza la transferencia segura de datos entre un host local (tu máquina) y un host remoto (otro servidor o computadora).
    • También se puede utilizar para transferir archivos entre dos ubicaciones remotas sin pasar por tu máquina local.
  2. Cómo usar SCP:
    • El comando básico de SCP se ve así:scp [opciones] [nombre_usuario@IP_fuente]:/[ruta_y_nombre_archivo] [nombre_usuario@IP_destino]:/[directorio_destino]
      • [opciones]: Modificadores que puedes agregar al comando SCP.
      • [nombre_usuario@IP_fuente]: Usuario y dirección IP de la máquina que tiene el archivo que deseas transferir.
      • [ruta_y_nombre_archivo]: Ubicación y nombre del archivo en la máquina fuente.
      • [nombre_usuario@IP_destino]: Usuario y dirección IP de la máquina de destino.
      • [directorio_destino]: Directorio donde se guardará el archivo en la máquina de destino.
  3. Ejemplos de uso:
    • Descargar un archivo desde el servidor remoto al host local:scp usuario@servidor_remoto:/ruta/archivo.txt /ruta_local
    • Subir un archivo desde el host local al servidor remoto:scp /ruta_local/archivo.txt usuario@servidor_remoto:/ruta_remota

SCP es una herramienta útil para transferir archivos de forma segura entre sistemas, especialmente cuando trabajas con servidores o máquinas remotas

Diferencias SFTP vs SCP

SCP (Protocolo de Copia Segura) y SFTP (Protocolo de Transferencia Segura de Archivos) son dos métodos para transferir archivos de manera segura entre sistemas remotos, pero tienen algunas diferencias clave. Aquí están las principales diferencias y pros y contras de cada uno:

  1. Funcionalidad:
    • SCP: Solo permite la transferencia de archivos sin interacción adicional. No puedes interactuar con los archivos durante la transferencia.
    • SFTP: Ofrece un abanico más amplio de posibilidades. Además de transferir archivos, puedes crear directorios, modificarlos y realizar otras operaciones.
  2. Seguridad:
    • SCP: Transfiere datos protegidos contra posibles intercepciones, ya que utiliza SSH.
    • SFTP: Además de la transferencia segura, también proporciona funciones de acceso y administración de archivos.
  3. Velocidad de transferencia:
    • SCP: Es más rápido en la confirmación de archivos recibidos, especialmente en conexiones con baja latencia.
    • SFTP: Debe reconocer cada pequeño paquete, lo que puede ser más lento en comparación.
  4. Eficiencia de transferencia:
    • SCP: Utiliza un algoritmo de transferencia más eficiente.
    • SFTP: Aunque más versátil, puede ser menos eficiente en términos de velocidad.
  5. Operaciones adicionales:
    • SCP: Limitado a la transferencia de archivos; no puede eliminar archivos ni realizar otras operaciones.
    • SFTP: Permite una mayor flexibilidad, como la eliminación de archivos y la administración de directorios.
  6. Interactividad:
    • SCP: No es interactivo y no puede leer scripts de comandos.
    • SFTP: Es interactivo y admite funciones a través de la línea de comandos.

En resumen, si necesitas una transferencia rápida y sencilla de archivos, SCP es una buena opción. Si requieres más funcionalidades y control, SFTP es la elección adecuada

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